Art Rangno – Page 72

“Keep them storms a rollin’, ‘maw-del!'” (add crack of bullwhip here)

Title properly sung to “Rawhide¹“, a western theme song for a TEEVEE show known by heart by all us TEEVEE viewers of old, and how it might be sung today by a weather-centric cowboy, one that lived in “a area” of drought, like us.

On with the story…

There was a couple “stray” model runs (hahaha) yesterday, ones that dried up all the storms but the BIG ONE tomorrow night and Friday. Those runs were quite bad ones; looked like the CDO wash today.

It had been penned from this keyboard recently, if you can say, “penned” in the context of a keyboard, that a SERIES of storms were on their way to Catalina after the drencher Thursday night into Friday, so I had a vested interest in not showing those runs.

I know, too, when you read that C-M person had said that there were a lot of storms coming that you were probably ecstatic. Maybe thought the drought might be vanquished by “a few good storms” over the next two weeks to a month. Maybe you did something fun that day after you read what I posted about a lot of storms ahead; maybe called in sick and went to Ms. Mt. Lemmon to see if you could see some precursor clouds off to the west.

Therefore, having written about all those storms in my last post, I had the responsibility to ignore the later model runs with no rain in them (after Friday) and wait for those other rains to re-appear. (Its funny, but it happens.)

I am pleased to report, after not telling you about those dry model runs, that the series of rain days the model had before have magically re-appeared, though no as “juicy” as before, and I can resume telling you about them! This is so great!

Here are a couple of examples from last night’s WRF-GFS run from data taken around the world at 5 PM AST, the first for Sunday morning, 5 AM AST. The two panels below are posted in smaller sizes because they have less credibility being as far in advance as they are; click on them for a larger view.

What about the drencher coming in tomorrow night and Friday? Let’s let the highly paid TEEVEE weather practitioners take that today. They’ll be all over it, and they’ll do fine. I’m sure… They’re all pretty good.

0001gi — Sunday afternoon, the 19th, new rains approach.

00012N — Morning of the 27th. Good fantasy rain here; too far out to count on, but. “hey” its something to write about!

Yesterday’s sunset

What would a C-M be without a sunset picture, this of Cirrus clouds.

—————

¹Frankie Laine remindner here; a great song with a lot about weather and flooding in it; cuss word, too, bold for those days. Had Clint Eastwood in it; whodda guessed he’d be still making movies 100 years later?

The nine panels of rain; the regime change is almost here

It doesn’t get any better for a desert in southeast Arizona than this; a model run with NINE panels of rain, including rain on Christmas morning, and here they are from last night’s 5 PM AST global data, our best computers in action. Remember the bad old days just a few weeks ago when no rain was foretold in the models for 15 days ahead, and that dry forecast was seen day after day for another 15 days?

Those days are gone. The “mean”, as in average position of, mean (as in bad, angry weather) trough is here now. You are in it. You can’t escape. “Trough bowl” in progress!” We’re going “weather bowling”! OK, enough exclamatory statements. This doesn’t mean every day is bad, but storm days will keep recurring beginning next Friday.

Here are a couple of those forecast panels from last evening, the first for Friday’s major rain about which a news release was released. This is so great. What’s even greater is that the Canadians, with their more accurate model, are on board for a big Friday rain, too! Two models with rain, as we know, guarantee a rain!

Friday the 14th 2012121000_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_108 — Friday morning the 14th at 5 AM AST.

Canadians onboard 00_054_G1_north@america@zoomout_I_4PAN_CLASSIC@012_108 — Also valid for Friday morning, the 14th at 5 AM AST. See lower right panel for rain areas over the prior 12 h.

Here’s another one on Christmas Day (left out some other rain days):

Storms will be dropping like bowling balls, one after another, like down a water slide, moving southeastward every few days out of the Pacific over the next two weeks, likely longer since once patterns get established they persist. In fact, “persistence” is one of our greatest forecast techniques, just saying what’s already been (say, cold and wet), will be what’s ahead. Its great!

An example of how you could have become quite the neighborhood weather guru last October and November. As a cloud maven junior, you would have already gained some prestige in your neighborhood. Now imagine adding to that status if your neighbors had come up to you in October at some point and asked about the winter. You would ONLY have had to have known about the weather you had already had for the past week or so to state, with furrowed brow, “I foresee much the same weather OVERALL as we’re having for the next two weeks, maybe a month” to your neighbors! And the majority of the time, you would be right! Think of all the right forecasts you would have made day after day in October, November, into early December!

This is because, as all weathermen and weatherwomen know, the jet stream and the storms it carries gets stuck in groves like the water in rivers for weeks at a time; but then suddenly jumps the banks into a new pattern. So, using retrospective forecasting techniques, your going to be right a majority of the time. To paraphrase so many internet ads, “this is a little known secret that weather forecasters don’t want you to know.”

But today you’d be so WRONG with that retrospective forecast technique! Change happens.

The “stream” is “jumping the banks” right now–some kind of tipping point has been reached somewhere and the new, cold and wet pattern is about to begin in the West, its just ahead beginning with that big rain here on Friday into Saturday.

But how do you know that one storm is the beginning of many, not just a breakthrough fluke in a continuing dry pattern? Confidence is added by having some spaghetti, not just examining the many panels of rain. Here, 10 days out, we are in the trough bowl! Little doubt about it; count on it.

And because our rains are associated with cold air invasions, there’ll be snow birds heading back to Illinois and Wisconsin pretty soon, wondering why they came to Arizona. Of course, the ski birds will be quite happy with the pile up on top of Ms. Mt. Lemmon.

What’s the real unknown here?

How much precip will our cold wet regime really bring? While we’ll have a number of opportunities for drought denting storms, they could also be a stream of minimal, relatively inconsequential ones. That’s the real bugaboo here in this monumental pattern change. The exact trajectories the storms take is going to be pretty unknown today. We could end up with frequent storms and cold days, but only average rainfall or even a little below after two weeks. Or, as in the first slug on Friday and Saturday, a total in one 24 h period that gives the December amount into respectable levels just by itself.

C-M has a gut feeling that we will see above average rains here over the next 30 days (two inches or more). “Gut feelings” are pretty worthless, but, there you have it.

Remember our logo, “Right or wrong, you heard it here FIRST!” :}

Local meteorologist announces Catalina rain event

NEWS RELEASE

For Release: Immediate

A local meteorologist and Catalina resident held a news conference earlier today and announced that rain will fall in Catalina on Friday, December 14th. Few exact details were announced, but it was stated that the rain will begin before dawn on Friday, December 14th and last most of the day. The exact amount was not stated, but it was said that there would be at least 0.25 inches, but not more than 1.00000 inches, noting that the storm has the potential to be a “real drencher” if it approaches the top end of the forecast.

Such a rain, it was pointed out, would only be the second such rain since the water year began on October 1st. That prior rain of 0.48 inches, fell on November 9th, more than one month ago.

A few images of raindrops were presented to remind Catalina residents of what to look for on December 14th.

Prior to this news conference and due to the long dry spell, it was believed by many Catalina residents that winter rain might not fall again. No rain is expected prior to the December 14th event.

“Alive, locally”

C-M

Trough Bowl to occur in West

Being the time of football bowl games, and with 35 just ahead, it seemed an appropriate thing to say. And, let’s face it, there are never enough bowl games¹.

You can see this “trough bowl” phenomenon in a 5-day average of the contour heights at 500 millibars (around 18,000 feet), courtesy of the Washington Huskies Weather Department, whose company team is actually in one.

Below is where we started at the beginning of December. Remember how floody it was in northern Cal and Oregon? That’s what can happen if a trough bowl stagnates just to your west (but not too far), since most of the rising air is to the east of the “bottom” of the bowl (where the arrows point roughly).

And, being away from the core of the jet stream at this level, us Catalina-ites experienced day after day of zephyrs moving 75-80 F air around in the afternoons. Not bad really. But change is good.

where we started_2012120118_000 — Arrows denote bowl troughs, where the “average” position is. There might be one there in central Asia, too.

Well, them days of stagnation, a “Snow Bird” paradise, and really wasn’t that bad if we coulda only had some rain, is gone. Here’s what ahead:

annotated where we are headed_2012120800_108 — Arrows denote roughly the bottom of trough bowls where storms collect.

Weather will change, as you already know from our TEEVEE people who make a LOT of money, from stagnant to vibrant, winds and storms from time to time as the trough bowl develops in the West.

Trough bowls are like repositories for storms, and around the globe there are typically 4-5 of them, waves in the westerly jet stream whose apexes mark the “bowl”. Storms dip down into them from the northwest and then shoot out to the northeast, usually with lots of precip, after reaching the “bottom”, the most southerly extension of the bowl.

As you can see, we are a bit toward the west side of this bowl and that means the storms will be cold ones coming from the Pacific Northwest, at least to begin with. Also, coming from that direction, they’ll be a bit rain challenged for us.

Mods still have a trace of rain on the 13th associated with the first storm to “fall” into the Bowl from the northwest, preceded by a dry cold front passage tomorrow. Bundle up, it’ll be a very noticeable dry front passage with good northerly winds here in Catalina.

In the longer term, the “bowl” shifts farther to the West and there are actually some rain days showing up in the 10-15 day period. But, as we know, unless they are supported by some spaghetti, those predictions are dicey, and they’re not well supported =s not too reliable. Still, hope springs eternal, or at least until the next model run.

The End.

————————-

¹Maybe more teams should get to go to bowl games,not just the elite teams….as was posited long ago for the NCAA basketball tournament by Jesse Jackson in a presidential candidate debate of 1988 on NPR’s, “At Loggerheads.” Here, Jesse and George Herbert Walker Bush, debate how many teams should be invited to the NCAA basketball tournament. Harry Shearer moderates: At Loggerheads

Cirrus, old and young

Our deep blue sky, loaded with interesting Cirrus clouds yesterday, and generally low in contrail impact, makes southeast Arizona a haven for Cirrus cloud watchers. Though no one site is completely immune from them, a sky like this, so free of contrails, is impossible on most of the Atlantic Seaboard due to air traffic. It was just so pretty here yesterday with so few contrails! Here are a few shots:

The weather ahead: cold front’s a coming

Its been well predicted for 1-2 weeks that a cold front would pass through our area on Dec 9th-10th. At times the models had substantial rain here, but it’ll be a dry blast from the north Sunday night. What makes us here in Catalina a little different in experiencing this frontal passage is that the high pressure behind the front pushes air along the Catalina mountains from the north here, and we often get quite a windy episode, 15-30 mph likely Sunday night. But, because we have no official weather reporting stations, and the Catalina Mountains block that north wind from Tucson so that they don’t get it, so us here in Catalina are about the only folks that know its quite windy, with a chill in the air.

This cold front is part of a large scale pattern change in the jet stream that is taking place, one that will vastly increase our chances of rain in the weeks ahead as storms barge into the Pacfic Coast farther south than they have and head this way. No longer will we be in a stagnant condition where day after day the weather is almost exactly the same; not much wind, temperatures above normal. Instead there will be occasional windy episodes as storms get close, temperatures closer to normal, and we hope, one that gets far enough south for a good rain.

Some rain is showing up now overnight on the 13th-14th. In our rain frequency chart, the peak rain days in December were the 11th-13th, deemed a statistical fluke from this keyboard in the 35 year record.

But, here’s a rain threat materializing in the very window. Hmmmm. Further, if you look at the spaghetti plot for this time period, a trough is guaranteed in this region on the 13th-14th, though getting circumscribed by the jet stream that is, its south of us as the trough goes by is what’s marginal with this trough situation, a requirement for almost all winter rain here.

The End.

The moon is us

Since we don’t have any clouds and storms to think about, I thought I would think about the moon for you. Here is a fragmentary view from yesterday morning through some Cirrus:

Have any thoughts yet?

Well, here is a surprise that’s been around for a few years but I just found out about it:

The moon is a piece of the earth!

Yep, “Theia”, another planet whose exact size is unknown, COLLIDED with the earth about 3.5 billion years ago! That, my fiend, is the leading theory for the moon’s origin; this from the November 23rd issue of Science: Science-2012–1006-1

I can’t post more beyond these newsy pages from Science because Science is not yet apart of the Open Access Movement where you can learn things from journal content for free! Imagine! Besides, on the second page there is an advertisement for a vacation in June in Iceland, in case you get too hot here.

But, after that diversion, and thinking of Theia (nice name for a girl, BTW), think of the damage! The shaking!

How are we still in orbit? Where’s the crater? (Must be pretty damn big!)

Why would you think such a crazy thing in the first place? After all, as advised in this Disney-produced proper musical ambience and skit (Extraordinary Claims); EXTRAORDINARY CLAIMS require EXTRAORDINARY PROOF!

Amen.

So where’s the proof?

Its in the isotopes. Amazingly, beyond even Ripley’s Strangely Believe It, much of the isotope composition of the moon is identical with the earth, not like those from meteorites and stuff like that. So, there you have it, though there are some unanswered questions yet. Apparently, it got so hot at the collision interface that everything melted back together, no crater

If it was to happen again, I hope it doesn’t happen during a bowl game (teevee viewing guidance here), since I wouldn’t want to miss the story in case it was played down due to an important upset, as here from an old Seattle Times mention of an asteroid that looked like it might collide with earth. At least this news was on the front page. Gee, if it had happened, maybe we’da got us a new moon to look at!

Looking for rain in all the wrong places…

Like in our best USA! models.

Pretty upset this early AM to find that the US’s Weather Forecasting and Research-Global Forecast System (WRF-GFS) model run, a model costing millions of dollars BTW, ingested last night’s 5 PM AST global data, BUT then threw up an identical twin that matched the Canadian Enviro Can model output that came out 24 h earlier! It was unbelievable to see this, humiliating really, something akin to a reverse nose job.

Recall that the USA! model had rain here and a big cold trough right over Catalina on the evening of December 9th into Monday morning the 10th. The Canadian model had that SAME trough over Cornhusky Stadium, Lincoln, Nebraska!

The Canadian model was right.

Here’s are the two forecast maps made within 24 h and each for for the SAME DAY AND TIME by our own WRF-GOOFUS model: on the left, the rainful run from the previous day that made me so happy (until I had some “spaghetti” and saw it was likely a bogus output). The panel on the right is the sickening output from last night, both rendered by IPS.

annotated valid for december 10th 5 am 2012120400_CON_GFS_500_HGT_WINDS_156-1 — Valid for Monday, December 10th at 5 AM AST. Sweet!

annotated valid 12z dec 10 2012120500_CON_GFS_500_HGT_WINDS_132 — From last night, also valid at 5 AM AST, Monday, December 10th. Horrible, unbelievable amount of change between the two. Makes you feel sad for weathermen and weatherwomen that have to deal with these things.

I really wanted Enviro Can to eat some crow with their forecast of MY trough over Nebraska. But no! “Bow down to Canada”, as heard here if you substitute in your mind the word, “Canada” for “Washington.” Hey, its got the lyrics at this site and so it should be pretty easy for you to sing along with it.

BTW, the Canadians (Enviro Can) don’t feel they have to show “spaghetti” plots to reveal how bad their numerical forecasts might be because they are always so right (in the 144 h time frame available from Enviro Can). “Don’t need no spaghetti.”

Can we say the same?

Doesn’t seem like it. We need “spaghetti” so we can see how bad our model forecasts might be. Calling Obama now…. not “happy with crappy”, to quote some overseas manufacturer’s creed, here. OK, our models aren’t exactly “crappy” but they aren’t as good as they should be.

Too, I have to deal with Canadian relatives that will be gloating today, I am sure. Maybe this spectacular example of “model divergence”, as we would call it, Canadian vs. US, is the talk of Canada today, and that’s what makes today’s wrf-goofus output sting so much.

I really want to call President Obama on this and tell him about it; I know he would add it to his list of things that need to be fixed in our country. Even if you have only a tinge of jingoism, you HAVE to be upset that the Canadians in their big little country, have a better weather forecasting model than we do! I think I am going to have to lie down for awhile…calm down.

So, what is ahead in our weather?

Of course, we have to look at the Canadian model first to get the most reliable one to see if they have anything for us… (hahahahah, sort of). I always do look at that one first, but I don’t brag about it. The summary of last night’s Enviro Can run, out to 144 h: they got nothin’ for us, just some cooler air over time. Cirrus clouds will be floating by from time to time as they do on most days. Did you know that Cirrus is a precipitating cloud? Yep, little ice crystals are always settling out leaving those pretty trails. Mt. Everest would know this…

Yesterday’s Cirrus clouds, sunrise to sunset

Feel another song coming on…. key lyric, “I don’t remember getting older…”

Hope you had some good log entries describing the varieties and species of Cirrus… If you did, you’ll be getting closer to getting that Cloud Maven Junior Tee.

Let’s look at December and the beginning of the second Catalina rain season

A day of pretty Cirrus and a nice sunset yesterday:

Now for some more of that Catalina climo, featuring December

(Most of these data below are due to the folks at Our Garden right here in Catalinaland just off Columbus._

First, the rainfall frequency chart for December. Not much going on. Chances of rain on any day about the same as any other, no trend up or down during the month, except for that one peak. Below this chart, in the monthly averages for the October through September “water year”, you’ll see that the average rainfall has jumped up considerably in December from November. Yay!

But will it rain at all in December 2012?

Let’s check…and also look, just for the HECK of it, whether any trough/storm is headed here in the 11th-13th rain frequency peak shown in the first plot…to see whether the atmosphere “likes” to have a little rain in Catalina in that time frame this year.

Below, the USA WRF-GFS model output, again rendered by IPS MeteoStar, from the global data taken at 5 PM AST valid for Monday, December 10th at 5 AM (close enough):

Astounding! A strong trough with rain IS predicted in about that time frame where the chance of rain in our 35 year record peaks, though a bit early. If this map verified, rain would be ending at about the time of this map, 5 AM AST on the 10th, it would be very, very cold, probably in the upper 30s in that rain. Amazing.

But let’s check with the superior Enviro Can model from the Canadians, our friends to the north, because-its-built-on-the-Euro-model-where-they-have-more money-for-big-computers-and-better-models-than-we-do.

(PS: You’ll be pretty upset when you read this–Model comparisons Science-2012-Kerr-734-7 —about US and Euro models.)

Not even close to the prediction by the USA model!

Unbelievable difference, in fact. In the USA model, the apex of the trough is over us in Catalina and in the superior (or will it be?) Canadian model, its over the “‘Braska” Cornhuskers, Lincoln, NE, maybe ONE THOUSAND miles farther east!

Unbelievable2. This is a phenomenon, BTW, which does happen from time to time, that is called, “model divergence”, to put it mildly.

So where do we check to find out where the truth lies, if the truth can lie at all (to borrow a line from Harry Shearer)?

The NOAA spaghetti factory, which I have annotated for you below:

Outstanding forecast reliability is indicated in the Pacific, off Asia, but who cares?

Sadly, only mediocre reliability indicated here in the Great SW USA, as shown in the wanderings of the blue lines.

But will a trough be close to us?

Pretty much count on that because so many blue lines feint to the south in interior of the western US. I think we’ll surpass the Canadians this time…

There’s still a chance of rain on the 9-10th, but its pretty slim. Having cold air invade us, to varying degrees is pretty much guaranteed even if sans rain because that nearby trough will drag cooler air this way as it goes by.

Its the AMPLITUDE that matters here, and in our USA model, that is not so well known. In fact, the blue lines, with so many of them north of us are telling us that the actual forecast map from last night’s global data is an outlier model run; can’t count on it. It will likely come and go on the future model runs.

Enough!

The End.

Less data, more filling

This is the best I could do, in examining the several model outputs over the past 24 h. Below is the very wettest forecast panel that popped out for southern Arizona during the past 24 h. The panel below is from yesterday’s 18 Z (11 AM AST) global data and is for the evening of December 15th, about two weeks. Nothing like what is shown in this panel showed up in model outputs afterward, dang. Doesn’t mean it couldn’t happen, but its not a good sign. Still, I thought you should see it.

The 18 Z (11 AM AST) model run doesn’t ingest as much global data as ones at 12 Z and 00 Z, 5 AM AST and 5 PM AST, respectively. That means that the 18 Z run is not as reliable as those other two, is more susceptible to having goofy outputs (outliers) than the other ones. “Less data, more filling”, of rain gauges anyway.

We ARE on the brink of a major change in the flow pattern, that is, where the troughs/jet stream will be positioned. We have been well to the south of the jet stream and all the storms carried with it. That will change in about a week. We will have recurring troughs here in the Southwest after that, meaning less warm days, along with occasional chances of rain. The signal for this to happen is pretty strong in the spaghetti plots.

The question is now how strong will those the persistent troughs be as they sporadically drop by in the weeks ahead. The strong ones for now, like the one shown below that causes rain here, are outliers for the time being. Stay tuned. Gut feeling here is that we’re headed for a wet regime, finally. Its due.

2012120218_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_324 — Valid 11 PM AST December 15th. Greens are lighter rains, blues over half an inch. These are rains foretold to fall sometime during the 12 h ending at map time.

2012120218_CON_GFS_500_HGT_WINDS_324 — The 500 mb pattern (about 18,000 feet above sea level) associated with all that rain in the first panel. As you can see by the yellowish and brown colored regions for wind velocity at this level, the strongest winds at this level are well to the south of AZ-Catalina, pretty much a requirement for rain here in the wintertime. This pattern is similar to the many lows that cut off last fall and winter, ones that gave us those good early rains. So, if nothing else, this map is a prototype of what we need for some good rains here in Catalina.

The model outputs from last evening do have a little rain here on the 10th, and NOTHING on the 15th as shown above, so I am not going to show those disappointing outputs. You’ll have to go to IPS MeteoStar to see those renderings.

Today’s clouds

Cirrus moving in today, the remnants of one of those monster rainy fronts that bashed northern and central Cal for the past week or so. Should be a great sunrise display; get camera ready.

From the U of A Wildcats Weather Department, this loop of those approaching Cirrus clouds.

How much rain in the past seven days in northern Cal?

FYI, some sites got over 20 inches. Here’s a map of rainfall totals from the California-Nevada River Forecast Center for the past seven days.

They needed it. The arrow shows where the author would like to have been during those seven days, filing daily reports of stupefying amounts of rain.

I mention these rains because this episode of heavy rains was pretty well indicated in the NOAA spaghetti factory plots back in mid-November. This flooding event is a great example of those occasional situations where a forecast two weeks out can be inferred to be pretty reliable by examining those spaghetti plots. Those likely heavy norcal rains were expeculated on here based on spaghetti in a November 14th blog. I really think that you could’ve done this, too, by now!

The End.

Rainy daze

Here’s how many rainy computer mirages the 5 PM AST global data from yesterday came up with for mid-December, as rendered nicely by IPS Meteostar. There are so many panels with rain here or close by in that model run, will post them as superthumbnails, a compressional graphics bit of razzle dazzle. Besides, you might be titillated more by something interesting that you can’t quite make out unless you click on it, “go the extra mile”, as it were.

5 PM AST, December 9th, a close call.

5 PM AST December 11th. Starts raining this day.

5 AM AST, December 12th, ex-wife’s birthday. Still raining.

5 PM AST, December 12, still raining.

5 AM AST, December 13th. Still raining. Remember these rainy images were produced by a computer(s) costing millions of dollars.

5 PM AST, December 13th. STILL raining around here!

5 PM AST, December 17th. Rain moves in again.

Well, this is the kind of weather change I am counting on now. Have been seeing rain for us now in every model run, though timing varies some, as would be expected out a week or more.

Spaghetti, too, now strengthening in the reliability of these predictions of a major change in the flow pattern ahead, a change that will FINALLY produce some rain here. Yay! That strengthening in spaghetti suggests something is being missed out there, perhaps something in a data silent zone…or there are some errors bigger out there than the itty-biity ones they deliberately put in to “perturb the models” because earlier they weren’t showing much support for a big change until last night. Speculating here….expeculating forecasted RAIN here is real this time!

This one at left for December 11th 5 PM AST as our storm period begins. Note all the blue lines (jet stream core ones) sagging into the SW now. Big change from prior ones.

The End, except for some exceptional 24 h northern California rain totals as of 6 AM PST this morning:

NORTHERN CALIFORNIA COAST - MAD / VAN DUZEN / EEL / MATTOLE
 :
 MADC1 : RUTH LAKE           G(2760) :  0.24/  0.48/  1.24/  3.16/  4.40/  4.96
 KNNC1 : KNEELAND            G(2737) :  0.24/  0.45/  0.66/  2.33/  2.94/  3.85
 ACV   : ARCATA              Z( 223) :  0.25/  0.56/  0.68/  1.41/  1.99/  2.41
 BGVC1 : BRIDGEVILLE         G( 640) :  0.20/  0.40/  0.88/  2.04/  2.92/  3.44
 EELC1 : COVELO              G(1500) :  0.31/  1.07/  1.38/  1.99/  2.68/  2.76
 ALDC1 : ALDERPOINT          G( 923) :  0.27/  0.55/  0.86/  1.77/  2.11/  2.26
 FTSC1 : FORT SEWARD         G( 217) :  0.20/  0.44/  0.92/  2.08/  2.72/  2.88
 LEGC1 : LEGGETT             G( 700) :  0.12/  0.48/  1.04/  3.16/  3.96/  4.04
 MRNC1 : MIRANDA             G( 263) :  0.16/  0.32/  0.96/  2.72/  3.48/  3.84
 HONC1 : HONEYDEW            G( 370) :  0.24/  0.44/  0.72/  2.68/  5.48/  6.92
 :
 :       SHASTA LAKE INFLOW
 :
 SDFC1 : SAND FLAT           G(6750) :  0.20/  0.68/  1.52/  3.08/  4.04/  5.52
 MHS   : MOUNT SHASTA - ASOS Z(3590) :  0.19/  0.65/  1.12/  1.97/  2.93/  3.20
 MSAC1 : MOUNT SHASTA - USFS G(3591) :  0.22/  0.76/  1.33/  2.47/  3.74/  4.07
 GRDC1 : GIRARD              G(4800) :  0.24/  0.88/  1.56/  2.96/  4.72/  5.72
 SLTC1 : SLATE CREEK         G(5700) :  0.20/  0.68/  1.08/  2.16/  3.84/  4.40
 LSHC1 : LAKESHORE           G(1100) :  0.88/  2.20/  3.04/  5.00/  6.12/  8.08
 MCCC1 : MCCLOUD             G(3650) :  0.36/  0.79/  1.17/  +   /  +   /  +   
 MCUC1 : MCCLOUD DAM         G(2690) :  0.56/  1.07/  1.56/  2.75/  4.08/  5.51
 HRZC1 : HIRZ                G(3200) :  0.32/  0.64/  0.92/  1.52/  2.08/  4.68
 AAT   : ALTURAS             Z(4366) :  0.16/  0.25/  0.29/  0.31/  0.32/  0.32
 ATSC1 : DEVILS GARDEN       G(5022) :  0.15/  0.27/  0.32/  0.35/  0.35/  0.35
 CNYC1 : CANBY               G(4312) :  0.29/  0.56/  0.73/  +   /  +   /  +   
 OMTC1 : OAK MOUNTAIN        G(2670) :  0.41/  0.98/  1.39/  2.27/  2.93/  3.51
 PRPC1 : PIT R PWR HOUSE #5  G(1458) :  0.81/  1.26/  1.71/  2.57/  3.47/  3.47
 SNWC1 : SNOW MOUNTAIN       G(5950) :  0.40/  0.84/  0.88/  1.60/  2.52/  3.08
 HLCC1 : HILLCREST           G(3440) :  0.24/  0.48/  0.76/  1.20/  1.52/  1.56
 SHDC1 : SHASTA DAM          G(1075) :  0.24/  0.80/  1.28/  2.40/  3.32/  7.88
 :
 :       WEST SIDE UPPER SACRAMENTO VALLEY
 :
 HDLC1 : HOADLEY             G(4580) :  0.24/  0.84/  1.28/  1.88/  2.24/  2.52
 CLCC1 : CLEAR CREEK         G(3300) :  0.48/  1.12/  1.84/  3.28/  4.48/  4.88
 SFKC1 : SOUTH FORK MOUNTAIN G(3450) :  0.27/  0.89/  1.73/  3.41/  4.57/  6.81
 BDYC1 : BRANDY CREEK        G(1300) :  0.20/  1.60/  2.84/  5.28/  6.96/  9.40
 PLIC1 : ARBUCKLE BASIN      G(2493) :  0.16/  0.53/  0.75/  1.30/  1.71/  2.05
 CTNC1 : COTTONWOOD CREEK    G(3400) :  0.32/  0.64/  0.92/  1.48/  1.80/  1.96
 OGOC1 : OGO RANGER STATION  G(1300) :  0.16/  0.64/  0.96/  1.56/  1.88/  2.08
 DVRC1 : DAVIS RANCH         G( 550) :  0.52/  0.84/  1.00/  1.28/  1.40/  1.44
 SDCC1 : SADDLE CAMP         G(3850) :  0.35/  0.66/  0.92/  1.26/  1.51/  1.56
 TCRC1 : PASKENTA            G( 720) :  +   /  +   /  +   /  +   /  +   /  +   
 BLBC1 : BLACK BUTTE DAM     G( 426) :  0.00/  0.14/  0.32/  0.51/  1.43/  1.44
 ECKC1 : ALDER SPRINGS       G(4550) :  0.30/  0.57/  0.81/  1.32/  1.91/  1.94
 SGEC1 : STONY GORGE RSVR    G( 800) :  0.00/  0.00/  0.00/  0.00/  0.01/  0.01
 :