Seeing red

Well, here it is, the NOAA Catalina spaghetti output for March 8th, 5 PM AST, hold the sauce:

The 564 decameter contours over Catalina and environs on March 8th at 5 PM.
The 564 decameter height contours for 500 millibars over Catalina and environs (in the center) on March 8th at 5 PM. The yellow line is the 5 PM AST model prediction, and the gray pixel in the lower left corner is what’s left of the same contour (after I cut and pasted) yesterday’s 5 AM AST prediction. They were pretty much showing the same thing.

The plot at left, with likely a Guinness record for a long, thin caption, pretty much guarantees a big trough of cold air here by then, another door opens into winter, which seems to be gone right this moment, and, being March, you might be thinking, “la-dee-dah, no more winter here in southeast Arizona.”  But as I often point out to my reader, and while trying to be a bit delicate about it, “You’d be so WRONG! I can’t even describe how WRONG you would be!”  So keep that balloon-like parka ready, heck, there could even be some snowflakes with this.

And, of course, I am a be little disappointed, well, royally, because you should have seen this coming in the red dot-plot at left for Catalina on March 8th already, and I wouldn’t have to admonish you again.  Oh, well.

BTW, the “red dot” is a baseball term used to describe the appearance of a slider coming at the batter–there’s a red dot in the center of the ball caused by the spin and where most of the red lacings appear to be concentrated because the pitcher had to grip the ball a certain way.  Seen’em, at one time.  Of course, you wouldn’t remember the great pitchers like Lee Goldammer  of Canova, SD, or Dave Gassman; the latter amassing over 4,000 strikeouts in South Dakota summer baseball league play. It was a big story in the Mitchell Republic–they keep track of that stuff there (amazing and charming).  Lee Goldammer pitched a DOUBLE header and his team won the SD State Tournament  back in the late 1960s.   (All true!)  You see, Lee Goldammer struck me out on three pitches in 19721.  Man he was good!  I had hardly gotten to the plate, and I was walking back again!

Had a nice sunset a couple of days ago, some pretty Cirrus clouds again.  Where I’m from (Seattle), Cirrus and sunsets are generally obscured by Stratus, Stratocumulus, and every other kind of cloud imaginable so that you don’t see them often because those clouds extend for thousands of miles to the west where the sun is setting.

6:28 PM, February 27th, not last night.
6:28 PM, February 27th, not last night.

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1I was working that summer for North American Weather Consultants as a “radar meteorologist” in Mitchell, SD, directing up to four cloud seeding aircraft around thunderstorms.  But when it wasn’t raining, I could play baseball for the Mitchell Commercial Bank team.  The project was under the aegis of the South Dakota School of Mines,  was statewide in 1972.  Unfortunately, for the people on the ground, one of the aircraft was seeding a storm in June of that year hat dropped 14 inches of rain in the Black Hills, and the ensuing flash flood took over 200 lives.   “Hey”, it wasn’t one of my aircraft.  Ours were in the other end of the State.

Cloud seeding was absolved in the disaster, which was correct;  the weather set up that day did it.   No puny aircraft releasing stuff could have had any effect whatsoever.  However, had that 14 inches filled a dry reservoir to the top and saved a city from a water famine, what would the seeding company have claimed in that case?

I know.   It happened when I worked a project in India, the water famine there making the cover of Time magazine in 1975.  The reservoirs in Madras (now, “Chennai”), India, where I was assigned by Atmospherics, Inc., as a “radar meteorologist” whose job again was to direct a seeding aircraft around storms, were at the bottom, just about nothing left, when I arrived on July 14th, 1975.

But on the third day I was there, July 16th, 1975, a colossal group of thunderstorms developed over the catchment area of the Madras reservoirs and, naturally,  our one twin-engined Cessna was up seeding it.  It was my job to see that we had a plane up around the thunderstorms.

Five to 10 inches fell in that complex of thunderstorms with tops over 50,000 feet, and there was a flow into the Madras reservoir (oh, really?) for the first time in the month of July in about 14 years.  July is normally a pretty dry month in the eastern part of India, with Madras averaging just over 4 inches, only a little more than we do here in Catalina in July.  The main rainy season in Madras is October and November, during the “northeast” monsoon.  This is what those giants looked like:

Looking west-northwest from the Madras Internation AP at Meenambakkam, India
Looking west-northwest from the Madras International AP at Meenambakkam, India, 1975.

But as a meteorologist, I saw that a low center had formed aloft over southern India, weakening the normally dry westerly flow of the “southwest monsoon” across southern India after it goes over the western Ghats.  This weakening  allowed the moist air of the Bay of Bengal to rush westward and collide with that drier westerly flow and set up a “convergence zone” where the two winds clashed and the air was forced upward forming huge, quasi-stationary Cumulonimbus clouds.

Below, what I look like when I am in India and starting to be skeptical about this whole thing, “Is this going to be another cloud seeding chapter like the one in the Colorado Rockies, to graze the subject of baseball again?”

First row, 2nd from left.  Our pilot sits next to me.
First row, 2nd from left. Our pilot sits next to me.

As before in Rapid City, the weather set up the deluge; no aircraft releases could have made the least difference in such powerful thunderstorms.  While the leader of the seeding project did not take credit for the odd flow into the reservoir that July, it was pointed out to the media, without further comment that, “yes, we were up seeding it.”

The odd storm with that comment, sans a description of the weather set up that did it, made it too obvious to the uninformed that seeding had done it.  The Indian met service was, of course, outraged, and did their best to “fill in the blanks”, but the sponsor of the project, the Tamil Nadu state government, was unconvinced because it was obvious to them what had happened, and, after all, it was what they paid for!

I had already been disillusioned while working as a forecaster for a big, randomized  cloud seeding project in Durango, Colorado by 1975, and this project was to add more “fuel to the reanalysis fire” that I was later to be known for.  (hahaha, “known for”;  I was despised in some quarters for checking their work after they had published it and it was being cited by big scientists, and I mean huge,  like the ones in the National Academies, but like you when you thought summer was here NOW and there would be no more cold weather, THEY were so WRONG!  I can’t even describe how WRONG those national academy scientists were,  like the ones in Malone et al 1974 in their “Climate and Weather Modification;  Progress and Problems” tome.) ((I knew they were wrong because they talked about clouds and weather associated with cloud seeding experiments in the Rockies, and I was seeing how at odds those clouds and weather was with the way it had been portrayed in the journal literature by the scientists who conducted the precursor experiments to the one I was working on in Durango.))  (((Wow, this is quite a footnote, if it is still one.)))  ((((Still worked up about that 1974 National Academy of Sciences report, but don’t get me going on the 2003 updated one, which they botched royally, including not even citing the work I did correctly!  How bad is that??????))))  As the title of today states, “seeing red.”

The reason for going to India in the first place was that it had been indicated in our peer-reviewed journals that randomized seeding in Florida, that clouds like ones in India,  had responded to cloud seeding.  Besides, I had an ovwerwhelming desire to see giant, tropical Cumulus and Cumulonimbus clouds up close!  BTW, the Florida results fizzled out in a second randomized phase.

End of footnote I think….

Yeah, yeah yeah: a good rain, wind, and cold coming; but what about those strange clouds last Saturday?

The storm

…and it will seem like one. Windy today, real windy tomorrow morning before the cold front goes by in the mid-morning.  Clouds is already here, rain predicted to develop SE of us in Mexico during the day.  A jet max at 500 mb is already to the south of us, and that means that the door is open for a moist flow from the Pacific ahead of the main storm today,  before the main blast tomorrow.  So, there’s a chance of sprinkles and light showers around our area even today from thick splotches of middle and high clouds and the virga that will fall out of them.

But tomorrow;  that will fab.  Bruising cold front, gusty puffs of wind to 40 mph or more here in Catalina, especially likely on the higher ground, before it hits, followed by our “usual” huge temperature drop of 15-20 degrees in 1-2 h around mid-day, lets say about 10 AM-noon tomorrow, Wednesday (U of AZ mod run from last night sez it passes between 8-9 am AST, FYI, sometimes its a little fast).  There ought to  be light to moderate rain, briefly even heavy rain as it passes, maybe with some ice in the bigger raindrops.

What exactly is moderate rain you ask?

0.10 to 0.30 inches per hour, water is running off stuff pretty good.  Its pretty common in most of our frontal bands.  Heavy rain, which I think we will see, is just more than 0.30 inches per hour; drops are bouncing off the pavement an inch or two in height, and there are a lot of them.  Now, it may not LAST an hour, this is just what you would call it if that intensity is reached.  As a respectable CMJ, you’ll want to keep these numbers in mind, in case your friends ask you about something like this, “You just said ‘moderate rain’,  what izzat, anyway?”

What the chance of measurable rain in Catalina and environs between now and Thursday morning?

About 200-300 percent, maybe 1000 percent on top of Mt. Sara Lemmon or even on Samaniego Ridge with this Big Boy blaster tomorrow.  (We’re breaking new forecast ground here….you won’t hear the NWS telling you that the chance of rain is 200 percent!)  ((Tell your friends.))

Amounts of rain here in Catalinaland?

Mods have juiced things up a bit, but a friend reported that yesterday the WRF-GFS had “as much as 0.25 inches” here.  Friends, I pooh-poohed that forecast yesterday because it was TOO DAMN LOW for what we have coming.  Besides, we need more than that, and this storm will deliver.

From this weather bully pulpit, the minimum amount, surely to be exceeded here, is 0.20 inches, the top I think now is more like 0.70 inches, that is, its not likely to exceed that amount.  The median amount, the one most likely, the average of these two extremes, is 0.45 inches, a really good, and very needed rain.  Its great to be able to say things like this, make people happy, except maybe snowbirders.  Look, too, for happy Catalina Mountains with a LOT of snow on them.  Get cameras ready for extra nice shots Colorado-ee shots on Thursday!

Hah, just looked at the U of AZ mod for the first time, and it is predicting that Catalina is in the 0.25 to 0.50 amount category, and Mt Sara Lemmon gets 1.5 inches!  Yay!  This will be so great if it happens, for our water situation. You can see that output here.Ann 0001PH

Saturday’s violent clouds

Never seen anything like them, those strange, and to me, violent looking high clouds, seemingly with tiny rope vortices in them; I swear I could see rotation.  Here are a couple of shots.  They seemed to pop out of blue sky for a few minutes, then disappear, then pop out again downstream some (toward the east).

12:24 PM, Saturday, Feb. 16th.  There is no name that I know of that fits these clouds.
12:24 PM, Saturday, Feb. 16th. There is no name that I know of that fits these clouds.
12:38 PM.  The one on the left just shot up in a minute or two; the one on the right MAY have a rope vortex in the middle.
12:38 PM. The one on the left just shot up in a minute or two; the one on the right MAY have a rope vortex in the middle.

 

12:45 PM, Saturday, Feb. 16th.
12:45 PM, Saturday, Feb. 16th.

I didn’t remember to check PIREPS until long after the event.   But, got help from NOAA’s David Bright who sent me a list of ones for Saturday morning throughout the West.  Only one was intriguing in that list; “urgent, mod-sev turb….FL 310” (moderate to severe turbulence, flight level 31000 feet).  But when I plotted the coordinates of that (9 AM AST PIREP, it was just about over San Diego, CA, and it was at 16 Z.  There was nothing reported near us at the time of these photos, taken between noon and 1 PM (19-20 Z).   But could that turbulent air, as represented by these clouds at Cirrus level, have gotten here from San DIego?

Below is the back trajectories starting at 9 km and 10 km ASL (30,000 to 33000 feet above sea level).  Seems to lend credibility that our strange clouds MIGHT be the associated with the same region of turbulence reported by that pilot.

6 h ack trajectory for air arriving north of Catalina at 30 Kft and 33 KFt on Saturday, Feb. 16th at 2 PM.
6 h ack trajectory for air arriving north of Catalina at 30 Kft and 33 KFt on Saturday, Feb. 16th at 2 PM.

Adding more mystery is the truncated TUS sounding, also attached, and the wild wind shifts.  Did they lose the balloon?  Maybe the balloon couldn’t take it, gave up as it got close to the turbulent layer above 22 KFT.  Note how wild the wind direction got above about 16 KFT, or about 550 millibars.  Normally these plots extend to the top of the diagram, 100 mb, but not on the afternoon of the 16th.  Hmmmmmm.

The Tucson sounding, launched around 3:30 to 4 PM AST for Saturday afternoon, Feb. 16th.  It will be known, in Z, or CUT time as the sounding for 00Z, Feb. 17th.
The Tucson sounding, launched around 3:30 to 4 PM AST for Saturday afternoon, Feb. 16th. It will be known, in Z, or CUT time as the sounding for 00Z, Feb. 17th.

BTW, I have done a lot of work here for you on this strange case.

Yesterday’s beautiful uncinus, and another great sunset

Yes, mare’s tails on display yesterday.  They make hygrometers out of of horse tail hair…  Did you know that? Yep, its true.  Horse tail hair responds to changes in humidity really well.  You wonder who and how that was discovered?  “Wow, look at how fat and short my horse’s tail is!  Must be really humid today!  I think I will grab a hair and make some kind of humidity sensor out of it, one that has linkages that trace the humidity on this little drum that goes around. I’ve always wanted to make something out of my horse’s tail.”  (That venerable instrument? The horse hair hygrometer.  Used for decades.)

9:38 AM.  Does it get prettier than this?  I don't think so.
9:38 AM. Does it get prettier than this? I don’t think so.
6:19 PM.  Patch of Altocumulus undulatus (has ripples), center, along with patches of Cirrus and Altostratus.
6:19 PM. Patch of Altocumulus undulatus (has ripples), center, along with patches of Cirrus spissatus (thick Cirrus) and maybe some lenticulars on the right.  It was a complex scene!

The End.

Knock, knock…. Who’s there?

Cold slam!

But first, continuing from yesterday:   “…and a few small to moderate sized Cumulus (humilis and mediocris) clouds as well to go with the high and middle clouds.”

Sorry I took so long to finish that up, but it was worth the effort because it was pretty darn accurate.

The storm on the doorstep

Here is your very excellent Catalina forecast as of now  (4:50 AM) from the computers at the NWS.  There is a statement on the exciting New Mexico weather, posted by the Tucson NWS here.  You can feel the excitement in NM in this message they consider quite special, labeling it a “Special Statement.”  Hope our Arizona guys and gals get on board  with the NWS in ABQ and issue something special soon!  Being weathercentric, of course, I am at one with the ABQ office even now.

Here’s a depiction of the incoming storm from our best model, that at the U of AZ, one that downsizes the “WRF-GFS” model to smaller scales so we can see what happens in our local mountains and valleys as it barges across California and then into Arizona on Saturday.  Precip is shown to begin on the Catalinas before dawn on Saturday, but probably won’t reach here for a few hours after that.  The model onset time here in Catalina is 8 AM AST on Saturday.  However, this model tends to run a bit fast in these situations, so it may be mid-morning before those cold, cold raindrops start falling.  But, 8 AM vs maybe 11 AM AST?  Amazingly close no matter how you put it.  It just shows how good our modeling systems have gotten over the years.

The amounts?  Seems measurable rain is certain here in Catalina–the flow pattern jetting against this side of the Catalina Mountains favors us here.  The finest scale model at the U of AZ, the first place to look, is showing a range of values between 0.25 and 0.50 inches, oddly corresponding with a ludicrous guess made too far in advance here a few days ago.  Hmmm.   The Catalinas are shown to get more than an inch and that calls for a celebration.

Here is the scoop from the 11 PM AST U of AZ model run for total precip (snow on the Catalinas again, the best kind of precip because it just sits there and soaks in when melting):

Valid at 10 PM Saturday the 10th.
Valid at 2 AM AST Sunday the 10th, the storm is long gone from Catalina at this time but still adding some in the mountains up to about here.

Out of character a bit, but also since we’re on the edge of the predicted range of amounts, I think the bottom is closer to 0.08 and the top likely amount is 0.38 inches, with a “median”, most likely amount of about 0.23 inches, to be a little silly here.

Clouds today?

Probably (and this time I will examine the TUS sounding more carefully than yesterday), just a few isolated Cumulus clouds again, likely dissipating during the afternoon, and a couple of Cirrus clouds.

The clouds tomorrow (more interesting)

One of the interesting cloud formation zones for Arizona is over and downwind of the mountains in northern Baja (Sierra de Baja California).  Gigantic plumes of Cirrus/Altostratus ice clouds often form in these situations as moisture at high levels from the Pacific Ocean (located west of Baja, California) travels over those mountains.  Those clouds would be something akin to standing wave clouds, lenticulars, but because the air is pretty moist (“ice saturated”) wrapping around this powerful low, they don’t evaporate downstream once having formed but end up as a huge, icy plume across central and southern Arizona.  I think we’ll can see that start to happen today, first in the lee of the Sierras of California, as the jet stream works it way down the West Coast toward us.

Eventually, the higher level moisture dries out over those Baja mountains, as it will later tomorrow, and the icy plumage source ends, and many times we see the end of that plume from those Baja mountains (Cirrus/Altostratus clouds) as a huge clearing that, oddly, preceeds the real storm;  the surge of lower level clouds that carry the precip.  And with that clearing as well, the passage of the core of the jet stream (in the middle levels) above us.

I know many of you have seen this sequence over and over again, the clearing of a high dense layer of clouds from the actual storm that’s on its heels.

Such a separation in those two clouds systems, the high and the low, can lead to spectacular Catalina sunsets.  Tomorrow, out on a limb here,  is the kind of day where that  could happen–the sun sets in the distant clearing to the west as the shield of icy plumage overhead passes.

Yesterday’s clouds

Yesterday was another one of those especially gorgeous days here in the wintertime.  Delicate patterns in Cirrus, as well as the dense patches.  Then, a few lower Altocumulus clouds above scattered small to medium Cumulus clouds against a vivid blue sky and limitless horizontal visibility.  Here are some examples:

7:47 AM.  Old Cirrus (foggy stuff above palm tree) below newly formed Cirrus (flocculent, specks).
7:47 AM. Old Cirrus (foggy stuff above palm tree) below in altitude newly formed Cirrus (flocculent specks to left and right).

 

10:34 AM.
10:31 AM.  Only the exceptional cloud maven junior would have noticed this rogue Altocumulus castellanus masquerading as a Cumulus.  Its betrayed by those specks of Ac floccus around it.  Also, if there was a true Cu fractus nearby, you would have noticed a tremendous difference in the relative movement of the much higher Ac cloud and the real Cu.

 

12:02 PM.  Last of the high clouds (Cirrus spissatus) approach Catalina with Cumulus fractus and humilis starting to form.
12:02 PM. Last of the high clouds (Cirrus spissatus) approach Catalina with Cumulus fractus and humilis starting to form.

 

2:36 PM.  One of the best shots of the day; small Cumulus with a trace of Altocumulus perlucidus above.
2:36 PM. One of the best shots of the day; small Cumulus with a trace of Altocumulus perlucidus above.

 

5:51 PM.  Though it was clear to the west, we still had our sunset color on the Catalinas, and an orange reflection on the  bases of the last clouds hanging on above them.
5:51 PM. Though it was clear to the west, we still had our sunset color on the Catalinas, and an orange reflection on the bases of the last clouds hanging on above them.

Kind of rushing around today, hope this is intelligible….

The End.

Arizona, center of northern hemisphere uncertainty; weird clouds today?

Here’s a nice little example of how the weather computing models start to go awry fast when a little flummoxed when little DELIBERATE errors are input into them as they start their northern hemisphere data crunch (below, from the global data ingested at 5 PM AST yesterday).  Us folks here in Arizona and those in the Southwest US comprise one of two “centers” of the greatest uncertainty in all of the Northern Hemisphere, as shown below in the red and blue lines (selected height contours at 500 mb).

Model outputs and what they are predicting will go to HELL faster due to our “zone of uncertainty”. Chaos in action. Wiggle something here, and it falls apart over there and all over.  This example is the contour forecasts for 5 PM tomorrow.

Valid for 5 PM AST Monday, February 4th.
Valid for 5 PM AST Monday, February 4th.

Does this epicenter of uncertainty hereabouts mean we have a chance to get some real rain in the next 36 h?

No,  but its great that you know about this uncertaity and how it plays out in the NOAA  “ensembles of spaghetti”; useless-in-some-ways-knowledge, absorbed just for the sake of knowledge.

The uncertainty illustrated above is associated with a upper level wiggle in the winds and exactly how that will play out as that wiggle moves toward us from the NW today.   Its a little baby trough in the upper air flow that the model is uncertain about but it is too weak to have much affect on the big cloud mass that will be drifting over us today, that cloud mass originally from a location about halfway between the Galapagos and Hawaiian Islands.  These are real tropical clouds over us today, and they’ll be piled in layers (Altostratus, Altocumulus, Cirrus, Cirrostratus) over us to more than 350,000 feet!

Below, you can see the moist air piled to 350,000 feet as depicted here in the U of AZ model run from 11 PM AST last evening.  But hardly a drop falls on us from all these clouds. (A deliberate numerical error of some magnitude has been put in here to see if you’re paying attention.)

Range of amounts here in Catalina:  ZERO on the bottom to 0.10 inches, tops.

Below is an example (full set here) of what the Beowulf Cluster from the U of AZ sees in the moisture overhead at 3 PM local time (in other words, during the 84th hour of the Superbowl pre-game show).   I realize that many of you will not be able to go outside and look at the sky at any time today due to this historical sports emergency, and so I will tell you something now about what you likely would have seen had you gone outside, perhaps even missing an equally historic commercial break of some kind:

Forecast sounding for 3 PM AST today, an hour before Superbowl kick-off.
Forecast sounding for 3 PM AST today, an hour before Superbowl kick-off.

What does this mean?

Weird clouds, most likely.   Scoop clouds, concave (downward) looking cloud bottoms.  Some areas of the sky might look like ocean waves upside down, “undulatus” clouds (we had a short-lived Ac undulatus yesterday to the NW of Catalina).  Clouds with waves on the bottom.  The bases of our tropical clouds are likely going to be in a “stable layer”, one where the temperature remains the same as you go up.  It would be located just above the top of Ms. Mt. Lemon.  Along with that stable layer, and is always a part of them, is wind shear; the wind turning in direction and speed as you go upward from just below this stable layer to above it.

Stable layers and wind shear produce waves, not ones always seen since the air is often too dry for clouds, but in this case, they should be visible.  Could make for some interesting cloud shots this afternoon and evening. Here’s a risky example of what I think is likely, though with too much virga falling from above, they won’t happen, hence, the risk in a cloud detailed forecast:

An educated guess about how this afternoon's cloud bases will look.  There's likely to be much more cloud cover, however, than is shown here.
An educated guess about how this afternoon’s cloud bases will look. There’s likely to be much more cloud cover, however, than is shown here.

Yesterday’s clouds

Lots of contrails overhead yesterday, an unusual number.  Really, we are SO LUCKY not to have many days like this, kind of a sky pollution, though at present, an unavoidable one.   Just be glad we don’t live right under a main, well-traveled airway (though, with predictions of a doubling of air traffic by 2020, we are likely doomed to more days like yesterday when Cirriform clouds are present).

SONY DSC
4:51 PM. Altocumulus lenticularis undulatus (has waves in it).
SONY DSC
5:04 PM. Mock sun, sun dog, or, technically a parhelia caused by hexagonal ice crystals fluttering downward face down. You don’t want to fall that way, but they do.

 

2:16 PM.  Signs of the modern world in the sky.
2:16 PM. Signs of the modern world in the sky.

Randoming around

A friend sent a link to this image of the day with a discussion from NASA. I thought it was a stunning statement.  NK will likely not be a big player in anthropogenic climate perturbations1.

Ann korea_vir_2012268_1

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Computing stuff

In the most recent issue of Science mag (Jan 18th) that I  received, I was alerted to a new fact:

the Japanese Fujitsu super computer “something or other” that I mentioned yesterday as the fastest, has been superseded in performance by the Oak RIdge National Laboratory’s Titan super computer at Oak Ridge, TN, USA!  Oh, yeah, baby!  Does 17.6 “petaflops” a second.

You can read about these developments here (or here: Exascale Science-2013-Service-264-6)  as “exascale” computing is considered as the next major step in super computing, a step required for progress in several fields, including materials science.

Exascale supercomputers will run 57 times faster than the current best.  Also, if such a computer that can do “exaflops”, was to be constructed using today’s technology,  it would require FOUR HUNDRED FORTY-SIX MEGAWATTS of electricity to run it!  That’s enough electricity to power half a million homes, this article pointed out!

But such a incredible super computer is needed for better weather and climate forecasting so I think we should go ahead and get one.

Cost?

Oh, maybe 100-200 million…IF they can make one.

But,  “has the world has gone mad?”, you might ask.

Just think of how many hundreds and hundreds of these “ExecuTower” computers you could buy with that same 100-200 million, and all the computing they could do.  They come with a 1-year warranty, too:

486 at 386 prices_001
From Byte magazine, 1990.

 

Our clouds for awhile?

Cirrus, patchy enough for nice sunrises and sunsets.

Not mentioning model outputs….why dwell on dryness and negativity?  Life is too short.

TE

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1Sans nuclear catastrophes.

 

 

 

 

“Cloudy”

“Cloudy/The sky will be gray and white and clou–oooowww–deee.”

If you don’t remember the 60s and songs about weather, a silly reprise of that Simon and Garfunkel song here.  If S&G had been weather forecasters, they might have written satisfying lines like the one above for today.

At times today, with all the virga around, it might really look like its,  “hanging down on me” as the two depressed boys sing in that song as waves of thick middle and high clouds eject northeastward over Catalina from the tropical Pacific.  Looks like the heart of the upper level disturbance and its main rain shield will pass Friday night into Saturday, with a break in rain on Sunday, then rain again on Monday into Tuesday as the cold punch of this storm sequence rattles down from the north Pacific Coast.   Great news, but not new news to anyone paying much attention to our local weather forecasts.

Catalina seems destined to get a good dumping from the two combined (the warm one, then the cold one), likely to exceed a half an inch, and boy, do we need it.  Nothing after this in rain, the mods say (for now).

As a note in passing, the droughty Plains States don’t get so much relief from this system now as the models have faster movement of the storm through that region than they had a few days ago when it was part of a “trillion dollar” beneficial storm sequence across the country. That faster movement of the storm has been repeated in the mods now over and over.  Faster movement equals less rain, less time for humid air from the Gulf of Mexico to race northward and be ingested into the low center that forms in the Plains States in a few days.  I actually feel kind of sad seeing that change happen and hope its dead wrong.  “Dang”, as we would say.

Yesterday’s clouds

Here are some shots of those great Cirrus clumps and formations yesterday some of which were exceptional because of the instability up there, that is, how tall and Cumulus-looking some of the Cirrus castellanus turrets got, biggest I’ve seen.  You can reprise the whole day here, from the U of AZ.  First, a shot of the great sunrise.

In the AZ movie, you will also see these brighter flecks appear, brighter because they have smaller, more numerous particles in them when they first form compared to even minutes later as they disperse.  The behavior of CIrrus forming like this is like a puff of smoke that suddenly appears in the sky, but no more smoke is added.  As happens with these Cirrus flecks, the smoke would gradually disperses and thins after a thick beginning.

Later in the movie, you’ll see the “convective” Cirrus we call castellanus go by, producing a little virga.  Another oddity, is that some Cirrus uncinus trails go by with the streamers of ice that are falling out, go faster than the higher tuft from which they fell from, indicating a wind speed increase as you go down, a little unusual at that level.

So, lots to see in this time lapse movie.

7:18 AM.  New flecks of Cirrus floccus-later to be Cirrus uncinus form beyond Pusch Ridge.  Lower Ci Spissatus in the distance.
7:18 AM. New flecks of Cirrus floccus-later to be Cirrus uncinus–form beyond Pusch Ridge. Lower Ci Spissatus in the distance.
1:42 PM.  Cirrus castellanus slightly below Cirrus spissatus clumps--Altostratus as a name would be OK, too.
1:42 PM. Here, continuing with the innovative “gritty-not-pretty” photo style: “Cirrus castellanus slightly below Cirrus spissatus, both above parking area and partially occupied buildings.”  $525

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

2:13 PM.  Giant Cirrus castellanus turret springs from Cirrus streak.  When they're flattish, you'd call them Cirrus spissatus.  If in more of a sky covering layer, sans breaks, Altostratus, not Cirrus, because of the shading.  ONLY Ci spissatus can have shading and still be termed Cirrus.
2:13 PM. Giant Cirrus castellanus turret springs from Cirrus streak. When they’re flattish, you’d call them Cirrus spissatus. If in more of a sky covering layer, sans breaks, Altostratus, not Cirrus, because of the shading. ONLY Ci spissatus can have shading and still be termed Cirrus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

SONY DSC
3:48 PM. Mostly Cirrus spissatus (dense Cirrus).

 

3:48 PM.  Just pretty Cirrus.
3:48 PM. Just pretty Cirrus.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

5:40 PM.  Not great, but there was a knife-edge leading edge of an Altocumulus bank on the far horizon that added some drama to it.  Note Ci uncinus, too.
5:40 PM. Not a great sunset, as was hoped for, but there was a knife-edge leading edge of an Altocumulus bank on the far horizon that added some drama to it. Note Ci uncinus, too.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Watch for a sunrise color bloom this morning.  Might happen, though coverage would appear to be a bit too much right now.  And with so many clouds around, a good chance of a great one this evening.  Charge camera battery.

——————

1There’s get a modicum of applause at the end of this video; no one really wanted to hear S&G play THAT song:  “Why didn’t they play something good?”  And,  “Why are their heads floating around in the clouds?”

While waiting for the rain, yesterday’s Cirrus

In case you like to go to the end first, a quite nice one:

5:53 PM.
5:53 PM.  A mostly spissatus sunset.
SONY DSC
3:19 PM.  Creepin’ Cirrus (spissatus) has creeped overhead.
SONY DSC
2:07 PM.  Creepin’ Cirrus, creepin’ up from the south during the afternoon.

 

A little whirl in the air overhead and to our south now seems to have spawned some Altocumulus castellanus (Ac with vertical spires), according to nighttime sat imagery.  Could be a very nice sunrise this morning, and because they’re going to be cold (colder than 0 F), likely to be some virga around, something that would really enhance the sunrise color.

It now appears the skies will clear completely later in the day as it passes by.

“In other news….”  the tremendously cold air foretold in the models, supported by spaghetti, to ravage the East maybe ten days ago is now beginning to arrive.  They’ll be some whining from back East (as in the next segment).  Perhaps some folks in the East will now throw in the towel and finally decide to move to Arizona.  Pretty sure some will.

A whiny, Seattle note:  one of the HARDEST things to take when I lived there and biked to work for about 25 years, was the very pattern we have now with Seattle sitting under a HUGE, high amplitude bubble of warm air known as a ridge.  The jet stream and storms are about as far away as possible in January from Seattle, and its nice and toasty along the West Coast IN GENERAL.  Here’s a loop of the 500 mb maps (requires a lot of bandwidth).  Below, the 5 AM AST map for this morning, illustrating the CLASSIC, “Warm in the West, cold in the East” one:201301211200_500mb

 

But not “warm in the West” for Seattle.

Fog forms in Puget Sound under these situations and the sun is too weak in all that clear warm air just a coupla hundred feet above you and often cannot burn off this shallow fog that you can see through a lot of the time!

And even if it does clear up, as it eventually did yesterday afternoon (time lapse there from just about  where my Dept lab-office was), its still cold and clammy all day (yesterday it was 38 F in SEA with the sun out in the late afternoon).  Sometimes the fog was so thin you feel like you could reach up and touch the warm air you knew, as a weatherman, was just above you.

So, like the last few days in SEA, you get foggy days, and “high” temperatures in the 30s, often with frost and ice on the roads in the mornings, so you can’t even bike to work in this “fair weather” pattern.  It was tough to take because you had such a great chance for a sunny day with the storms pushed elsewhere, and it didn’t happen.

End of whine; glad to be in Arizona.  I did love my job and my pals there in SEA, still do.

Rain still ahead here for the 28th; varies in amounts from model run to model run.  Moisture from that storm now off Baja in the map above (its got lightning in it) will fiddle around out there until some westerlies “swooshes”1  the remains of that system this way late in the week.

Sadly, there appears to be no rain in sight for us after the 28th episode.

TE

———————–

1Can I say that without a Nike copyright release?  FYI:  the Nike “swoosh”…cost Phil Knight $35 to have it made.

 

 

 

 

 

The trillion dollar storm

First, let’s catch up on drought…from who else but the Drought Monitor folks at Big Red (UNL).  They know best:

Jan 15 drought monitor drmonThe scoop

A storm from the Pacific passes slowly over Arizona on the 28th bringing  desperately needed,  soaking rains to almost all ag units, wildllife, desert vegetation, and us.  It then plods on across NM and into the Plains States doing the same, eventually exiting across the Ohio Valley, having drenched some of our most  drought-ridden regions between the 28th and 30th.  These beneficial rains across so much of our country might be worth a trillion in 2013 dollars1, hence,  the moniker, “The Trillion Dollar Storm.”

Here are a few IPS MeteoStar panels (I favor their depictions) from yesterday’s 5 AM AST model run because they’re a bit more spectacular than last evening’s 5 PM AST run (remember from spaghetti the storm on the 28th is in the bag for AZ, and that each model run from here on out will be more or LESS spectacular in rain production, so why not take the “best of the best”? A few panels with the most rain in them to put in your model outputs scrapbook?  Too, I was afraid you hadn’t seen these, and I just couldn’t let go of them myself, like pictures of an old girlfriend you just can’t throw away but probably should:

2013012812_2013011912_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_216
Valid for 5 AM AST, January 28th. Been talkin’ about rain on this day lately, and here it comes from the Pacific across both California’s.
5 pm 28 Jan 2013011912_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_228
Valid at 5 PM AST, on the 28th. Soaking rains cover much of the State especially in the central mountains.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

29 Jan 5 AM 2013011912_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_240
Valid at 5 AM January 29th. The storm is slow to depart, and more soaking rain has occurred in the 12 h prior to this map (dark green and blue regions). How much is such a rain worth to our wildlife and vegetation alone?
5 PM 29 Jan 2013011912_CON_GFS_SFC_SLP_THK_PRECIP_WINDS_252
Valid for 5 PM AST, on the 29th. A storm center has intensified in the central Plains States and a tremendous rain, snow to the north, has enveloped it. It moves out slowly with a soaking rain shield to the north and west of the center.
It could hardly be better than this given the intensity of drought in this region.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Pretty much the same thing popped out of the models from last night’s 5 PM AST global crunch, so its great now that we have 4 model runs separated by 12 h each that have substantial AZ rain!  Gives confidence that this rain will occur as predicted, as well as that confidence that came from yesterday’s venerable spaghetti plots.  I am so pumped!  In the depictions above, Catalina gets about an inch of model rain!

Reality, of course, will be something else, but now, in these model outputs,  us Catalinians are  more into the rain areas predicted than on the edge as was the case a couple of days ago, less “iffy” for a rain to happen.  So, I am going for it:  one half inch in Catalina on the 28th.   You won’t hear your favorite media weather presenter telling you this today because its not really responsible to say an amount this far in advance.  But, here on the internet?   Anything goes, and I have demonstrated that just now.

Clouds?

I know that if I were to read your weather diary for yesterday it would read something like this;

“CIrrus lurked on the south to through west horizon all day.  Didn’t come over Catalina, just kind of stayed down there. I was hoping to see more of it.”

Here is that stagnant Cirrus at sunset that you wrote about yesterday.  You DO have a weather diary, don’t you?

SONY DSC
5:51 PM. Sunset getting noticeably later now days.  Also, its well away from Twin Peaks (left of center), where it set on the December 21st, the winter solstice.

Expect some more patches of Cirrus today.  You can see the “moisture front” these clouds were in yesterday here in this water vapor loop from the University of Washington Huskies Weather Department.  That whitish area on the southern AZ border is where the Cirrus clouds were yesterday.  You will be able to see the “white stuff” (areas with more water vapor) beginning to head this way.

TE

——————————

1In the 1960s we would have termed this upcoming storm a “Million Dollar Storm”, but with today’s economic realities, where we talk about “trillions and trillions” of dollars all the time, a “trillion dollar” this or that seems more appropriate, more “with it.”   Its great that dollars are only made out of paper; there will always be more paper for dollars! If they were made of anything else, I am sure we would run out of it.

Creepin’ Cirrus; pedantry on display

“Storms” at 30,000 feet, single ice crystals falling from various varieties and species of Cirrus clouds.  That’s about all we got for “weather” in the next few days as Cirrus creeps up from the tropics into Arizona.  But those Cirrus produce great sunrises and sunsets, so have camera ready.  And while not much is happening, you should practice logging what you see up there.

Cirrus clouds are the first clouds we see when something is up with the weather, even when it stays up high, but even in these “storms at 30,000 feet”, the moist level tends to decline over time, meaning there might be a chance for mid-level clouds to appear….such as, you guessed it,  say, Altocumulus clouds, clouds mainly comprised of droplets, in the near future.  That would be pretty exciting; mo’ better sunsets!

Maybe if it was a “cold one”, an Altocumulus cloud with virga hanging out of it, would give you a great opportunity to talk with your neighbors about the Wegner-Bergeron-Findeisen1 precipitation mechanism (be sure to use all three names to attain the greatest personal stature with them).

——–Warning!  Beginning pedantic unit———-

What’s “WBF”, you say?

Hell, you see it all the time!   Well, actually only once in awhile here in Arizona.  Below, in a pictogram,  is a representation of “WBF in action” from a few days into our cold spell just passed so you’ll know when you see ice virga hanging from a droplet cloud you’ll know what the HELL has happened up there. (Dry spells, such as we are in now, make me want to cuss that bit more.)

The background.

Your car has been parked outside all night, and the air was moist.  You finally wake up and go outside and you see that dew has formed on your car windows, well, all over.  But even though its a bit below freezing, not too much because we’re in Arizona, you also see that in a couple of spots,  ice has formed;  “horror frost” crystals as we call them here in Arizona because we don’t like frost and cold air of any sort.  (The real name is “hoar frost”, and watch out how you use that in a sentence.)  The remainder of the drops you see on the car are still in the liquid phase, or have JUST frozen.

But here’s the exciting, magical thing that happens around those “horror frost” ice crystals, demonstrated with a photo through a car window.  I’ve added stuff on this jpeg to help explain the magic show going on when the two, liquid and ice, mingle.

A recent example of the WBF in action.
A recent example of the WBF in action.

 

And what you see that has happened here is the same thing that happens in clouds when ice and droplets mingle, are co-located so-to-speak.  When an ice crystal forms in a droplet cloud, it becomes a vapor hog, water molecule hoarder, because at water saturation, the condition that results in the drops forming in the first place, its SUPERSATURATED with respect to an ice crystal!  Amazing, and CRITICAL for life as we know it on this planet because most of the precipitation that falls in mid-latitudes is related to this process.  We would have virtually no precip here in Catalina ever without this process.

What does that mean?  When the two phases are in proximity as here, the droplets nearest the crystal evaporate, and the ice crystal grows and falls out, usually, as precipitation.  Most rain on this planet is due to that process! There are two others that are also important, all ice, all liquid, but today I’m only talkin’ WBF, the “mixed phase” process.

In a cloud, especially a flat one like Altocumulus, this “mixed phase” condition results in ice crystals that grow too heavy to stay in it–its kind of like a “Thanksgiving-for-ice-crystals” inside a mixed phase cloud, and they fall out in those fine strands because they are so fat.

In another way, the ice crystals in a mixed phase cloud are like a low pressure centers, the droplets high pressure centers and the molecules move from high to low pressures.

Mixed phase clouds would go away completely, of course, UNLESS there was some upward motion to keep new droplets forming.  But, as in “Ghosts of the Perlucidus” blabbed about here a couple of days ago, sometimes there isn’t enough upward motion to keep the droplets “alive” and only a ghostly remains of the droplet cloud can be seen in a thin patch of ice.

Further detective work re the above jpeg.

Those ice crystals has to have formed when the drops around them were still liquid, probably just as the window reached a freezing temperature or a hair below.  If all the dew drops had frozen at once as clear ice, you would not have seen this crystal growth happen because everybody is in the solid phase, no “high or low pressures.”  So, while dew drops were forming and growing while the temperature dropped below freezing, there was something quite unique about a particle on the window that caused ice to form when most other places were quite happy to be liquid.  We call those special particles that might have triggered an ice crystal, “ice nuclei”, though, too,  there may have been a window surface imperfection that did it.

Anyway, ice nuclei are always much rarer in clouds than “cloud condensation nuclei”, particles that the cloud droplets form on.  A demonstration of that is in that photo above.

Cirrus clouds, almost never having water, “don’t need no water” because its often  supersatured with respect to ice above 30,000 feet without having a droplet cloud.  So, even without the water phase, an ice crystal can get fat and fall out in many Cirrus clouds, such as the revered, Cirrus uncinus with its pretty trails.  Veil clouds like Cirrostratus?  Not so much growth.

———-End of pedantic unit———

Yesterday’s clouds

You may have spotted those creepin’  Cirrus at sunset yesterday.  If not here they are, a classic example, ones that kind of drift up to the north out of the tropics into Arizona that from weak circulations down there, even in drought times here, periodically passing overhead, keeping our skies from being boring, particularly for those many of you who out there who are cloud-centric, head-on-a-swivel when outdoors:

5:48 PM.  Disant Cirrus, loaded with a few contrails, creeps toward Catalina.  Outta be here by now but its dark and I think I can make out something so this is not really a forecast because I kind of cheated by looking at the sky just now.
5:48 PM. Distant Cirrus, loaded with a few contrails because there’s an airway down there, creeps toward Catalina. Outta be here by now.   Its dark and I think I can make out something so this is not really a forecast because I kind of cheated by looking at the sky just now but I WOULD have said that without looking…  And if those clouds did get here, there might be nice sunrise for you.

 

What ahead?

Of course, there’s some rain on the model “horizon” (IPS MeteoStar rendering of WRF-Goofus model), but like that “puddle” on a desert highway on a hot day that you never get to, and I’ve tried, because it  moves away as you speed down the road, the “puddle” staying the same distance away, our model rains seem to do the same thing.   I’ve used this metaphor before, but I can’t think of a better one.   I think its pretty good, too; damn good, really, to cuss a bit more.  :} Here are a couple of examples of rain in southern Arizona from last night’s global model run to get your hopes up, most likely to be dashed:

Valid for 5 PM AST, January 28th, Monday.  Green areas denote the rain the model thinks has fallen in the prior 12 h.  Yeah, right!
Valid for 5 PM AST, January 28th, Monday. Green areas denote the rain the model thinks has fallen in the prior 12 h. Yeah, right.

 

Valid for 5 PM AST, February 1st, Friday.  I would gladly eat my words with whipped cream on them if this happens.
Valid for 5 PM AST, February 1st, Friday. I would gladly eat my words with whipped cream on them if this happens.

 

 

 
The END, FINALLY!
—————————-

1They’re not “mostly dead” now, but “all dead”, to crib a line from “The Princess Bride.”

“The Seeds of Uncinus”; a review

Starring Justin Bieber as Harry Potter in the upcoming 12th Harry Potter movie, the musical….

(There, that should grab some attention.  But then people would be disappointed, maybe mad, but still they might see something here about Cirrus uncinus clouds that they didn’t know before.)

Had some great Cirrus uncinus clouds yesterday!  I was not thinking about uncinus at all yesterday, but rather amorphous blobs of Cirrus, but there they were.    Maybe you saw those “Ci unc” with their great tails hanging down, streaking across the sky.  And there was something “wrong”, too.

What was it?  Its rare when it happens.

The tails were going the “wrong” way, evident later in the day.   As streamers of crystals from the “head” of Ci unc trail out, the wind nearly always decreases going downward, and the tails fall back behind the head TOWARD the west, or toward whichever way the wind is blowing FROM.  Yesterday, the tails went in front of the head, a real odditity telling you the wind was a little stronger below the head.  Hope some of you logged that anomaly.  Its hard to get your CMJ T-shirt without having noticed that.

Some photos, too many, no doubt, but that’s what I do, and I’m quite good at it:

9:07.  "Angel's hair" passes to the south of Catalina.  Cirrus uncinus and Cirrus fibratus, maybe a thin layer of Cirrostratus above it.
9:07. “Angel’s hair” passes to the south of Catalina. Cirrus uncinus and Cirrus fibratus, maybe a thin layer of Cirrostratus above it. Note the long tails streaming away from Catalina (center).
9:21 AM.  Cirrus fibratus (no hook/tuft visible at top because you can't see it here) and Cirrus spissatus eject toward Catalina.  Just thought this was pretty, nothing to do with today's discussion.
9:21 AM. Cirrus fibratus (no hook/tuft visible at top because you can’t see it here) and Cirrus spissatus eject toward Catalina. Just thought this was pretty, nothing to do with today’s discussion.
12:38 PM.  Arrows all over in this mainly batch of Ci unc shows seed cloud specks that lead to them much later.
12:38 PM. Arrows all over in this mainly batch of Ci unc shows seed cloud specks that lead to them much later.
12:15 PM.  The heavier Cirrus forms have departed and these delicate ones were to dominate the rest of the day.  So pretty.  The hooky ones are Ci unc.
12:15 PM. The heavier Cirrus forms have departed and these delicate ones were to dominate the rest of the day. So pretty. The hooky ones are Ci unc.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

But how do these long-tailed Cirrus get that way? How do they start?

With seed clouds, cloud specks with tiny quasi-spherical ice crystals in them, sometimes the ice called “germs” because they’re so small, maybe 10-20 microns in size; tiny dots.

Next is a sequence showing the fleck seed cloud stage to the tail growing stage of Cirrus uncinus, in which the larger ice crystals start to fall out. Unfortunately, by the time the tail is as long as those seen in these shots, those original Cirrus fleck clouds might be a 100 miles away.

Now, is any of this information useful for everyday life?  Of course, not!  But, let’s say you get on Jeopardy, the TEEVEE program and you have chosen, “Clouds” as your category and the hose (oops, “host”, damn autospeller!) asks you, “This kind of ice crystal is found below the tops of CIrrus clouds.”

You’re answer from today’s “lesson”:

“What is a bullet rosette?”  Some kind of prize happens when you say that, and you’re happy for the first time that you read all this.

2:45 PM.  As the end of the Cirrus approached, as often happens, you get to see how they looked when they first formed, and here's a shot of that.
2:45 PM. As the end of the Cirrus approached, as often happens, you get to see how they looked when they first formed, and here’s a shot of that.
2:57 PM.  Its got writing on it.
2:57 PM, just 12 min later. Its got more writing on it.
3:07 PM, ten more minutes go by.  I was watching, standing there in a lot of cold air so I could get this sequence.  What were you doing?  Watching the Seahawks lose to Atlanta?
3:07 PM, ten more minutes go by, trails lengthen further. I was watching, standing there in a lot of cold air so I could get this sequence. What were you doing? Watching the Seahawks lose to Atlanta in the last 30 s of the game after they just had gone ahead? How could that happen? Its OK, I understand. Clouds don’t always come first for you.
3:19 PM.  Last one, was getting too far away.
3:19 PM. Last one, was getting too far away.
4:07 PM.  The afternoon finished out in an undercutting-the=Cirrus Cirrocumulus clouds, maybe Altocumulus lenticularis in the distance due to having shading.  Had some great, delicate patterns as well.
4:07 PM. The afternoon finished out in an undercutting-the=Cirrus Cirrocumulus clouds, maybe Altocumulus lenticularis in the distance due to having shading. Had some great, delicate patterns as well.
4:10 PM.  Cirrocumulus.  These are droplet clouds and did not form ice at any time.  They were lower and warmer than the Cirrus fleck clouds.  Shows how similar the formation process is of Cc and Ci, flecky, dotty, tiny updrafts, maybe 0.1 meters per second.
4:10 PM. Cirrocumulus. These are droplet clouds and did not form ice at any time. They were lower and warmer than the Cirrus fleck clouds. Shows how similar the formation process is of Cc and Ci, flecky, dotty, tiny updrafts, maybe 0.1 meters per second or less updraft forms them.

 

Today’s clouds?

COLD, cold trough going over us again today and this evening. Air should moisten up some in the lower levels as this happens allowing for some Cumulus to form, ones likely to develop a little ice in them, which means a little virga here and there is likely. There are also likely to be a couple of Altocumulus or higher based Stratocumulus patches, too, during the day. U of A has predicted soundings over TUS here.

The weather ahead

Temperature extremes pattern still ahead in just a few days now; warm in the West, darn cold in the East.  Rain has shown up here on the afternoon of the 27th in last evening’s 5 PM AST global data model run.

Speaking of extremes

A number of low temperature (not “cold” temperature) records have been broken in AZ.  Here are a few, as reported by the NWS.  Some of these records that were broken go back 100 years, such as the 7 F at Wilcox, set two days ago, breaking the 8 F in 1913, the same time as when the TUS low temperature record was set.  The two patterns must have been similar, 1913 and now.  Makes you feel special, doesn’t it?

SXUS75 KFGZ 140119
RERFGZ
RECORD EVENT REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FLAGSTAFF, AZ
600 PM MST SUN JAN 13 2013
...RECORD LOW HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR NORTHERN ARIZONA ON JAN 13 2013...
CITY (PERIOD OF RECORD)          NEW LOW HIGH    PREVIOUS RECORD/YEAR
GRAND CANYON NP N RIM (1926 - 2013)    11          16         IN  2007
PAYSON (1949 - 2013)                   33          35         IN  1960
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES FOR NORTHERN ARIZONA ON JAN 13 2013...
CITY (PERIOD OF RECORD)            NEW LOW       PREVIOUS RECORD/YEAR
FLAGSTAFF (1899 - 2013)                -7          -6         IN  1963
GRAND CANYON NP N RIM (1926 - 2013)   -12          -5         IN  1926
THESE RECORDS ARE PRELIMINARY PENDING OFFICIAL REPORTS.
$$

SXUS75 KFGZ 132320
RERFGZ
RECORD EVENT REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE FLAGSTAFF, AZ
1000 AM MST SUN JAN 13 2013
...RECORD LOW HIGH TEMPERATURES FOR NORTHERN ARIZONA ON JAN 12 2013...
CITY (PERIOD OF RECORD)          NEW LOW HIGH    PREVIOUS RECORD/YEAR
FORT VALLEY (1909 - 2013)              20          23         IN  1963
MCNARY 2N (1921 - 2013)                22          27         IN  1964
SUNSET CRATER NM (1970 - 2013)         21          25         IN  1985
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES FOR NORTHERN ARIZONA ON JAN 13 2013...
CITY (PERIOD OF RECORD)            NEW LOW       PREVIOUS RECORD/YEAR
FLAGSTAFF (1899 - 2013)                -7          -6         IN  1963
THESE RECORDS ARE PRELIMINARY PENDING OFFICIAL REPORTS.
$$

SXUS75 KTWC 131605 CCA
RERTWC
RECORD EVENT REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
841 AM MST SUN JAN 13 2013 
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES SET FOR JAN 13...
LOCATION                  RECORD  OLD RECORD
BISBEE-DOUGLAS AIRPORT      07    15/1975 
FORT THOMAS                 11    12/1962 
SIERRA VISTA                16    18/1916
WILLCOX                     07    08/1913
$$

SXUS75 KTWC 131542
RERTWC
RECORD EVENT REPORT
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
841 AM MST SUN JAN 13 2013 
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES SET FOR JAN 13...
LOCATION                  RECORD  OLD RECORD
BISBEE-DOUGLAS AIRPORT      07    15/1975 
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURES SET FOR JAN 12...
LOCATION                  RECORD  OLD RECORD
FORT THOMAS                 11    11/1962 
KITT PEAK                   12    19/1989 
$$

SXUS75 KTWC 131458
RERTWC
RECORD EVENT REPORT 
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE TUCSON AZ
0746 AM MST SUN JAN 13 2013
...RECORD LOW TEMPERATURE SET AT DOUGLAS AZ...
 A RECORD LOW TEMPERATURE OF 7 DEGREES WAS SET AT DOUGLAS AZ TODAY. 
THIS BREAKS THE OLD RECORD OF 15 SET IN 1975.
$$